|
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) inhibits the immune system through bone marrow suppression, which may hinder a cat’s ability to protect itself against infections caused by common bacteria, viruses, protozoa and fungi.
Prevalence
FeLV infection occurs worldwide, with prevalence varying by location. Here is a look at the U.S. prevalence data:1
Transmission and Progression
- FeLV is transmitted horizontally through body fluid, such as saliva, urine and feces. It is transmitted primarily through prolonged casual contact, as well as through fighting and biting.
|
|
|
- Vertical transmission from mother to baby is also possible, either in utero or, more commonly, through nursing.
FeLV infection has been categorized into several potential outcomes that describe the relationship between FeLV and the cat host:
- Transient infection is one in which the immune response clears the virus.
- Latent infection occurs when the immune system suppresses the virus to the point that it is harbored in the bone marrow and other sites without replicating or causing clinical signs.
- Persistent infection occurs when the cat’s immune system is overwhelmed by the virus.
Testing Guidelines from the American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP)
Despite the relatively high prevalence of FeLV, a very small percentage of
potentially infected cats are being tested. The AAFP recommends testing cats
that fall into these categories:
- At risk—including cats that spend time outside, live with or come into contact
with cats of unknown retrovirus status or present with bite wounds or evidence of
fighting, etc.
- Sick—including cats with presenting signs such as lethargy, fever, vomiting,
stomatitis, gingivitis and abscesses, and those without presenting signs that are ADR.
- New to household, regardless of age.
For a detailed overview of FIV and FeLV including signs, diagnosis and management,
consult the AAFP Guidelines on Retrovirus Testing and Management. 
| References |
| 1. |
Levy JK, Crawford PC, Brien JL. Prevalence of FIV and FeLV in the United States. Proceedings from: Seventh International Feline Retrovirus Research Symposium; September 11–15, 2004; Pisa, Italy. |
|
This symbol indicates PDF-formatted materials. To view, you may need to 